Modern Stoicism Home of Stoicon and Stoic Week. This post is the transcript of Professor Stephens presentation at the STOICON 2. A videorecording of the talk will be available in the coming weeks. My topic today is fear. My talk divides into four sections. First, I will present an enormous catalogue of phobias and then interpret them from a Stoics perspective. Second, I will report on the leading causes of death both in the United States and in the world. Those statistics will allow me to compare the number of deaths due to acts of terrorism since 2. This comparison, I will argue, sheds light on todays political rhetoric about terrorism. I will conclude by explaining how the Stoics use reason to replace fear with the healthy psychological state called caution. My goal is to show how Stoic thinking can help us strive to achieve fearlessness in our lives. Myriad Phobias. How many different fears have been named in English  The online phobia list names more than 5. Relatively common disorders include fears of the dark, high places, air travel, open places, enclosed spaces, crowds, crossing bridges, darkness, public speaking, fire, needles, thunder, speed, and foreigners. Rarer objects of fear include bald people, bicycles, children, computers, dirt, heaven, light, long words, new things, old people, paper, string, teenagers, and being at home. Insects, insect stings, ants, bees, cockroaches, lice, mites, moths, spiders, tapeworms, wasps, worms, microbes, parasites, and germs all have named fears. So do bulls, horses, dogs, cats, mice, birds, bats, otters, fish, shellfish, frogs, toads, snakes, and sharks. The fear of animals is zoophobia. People with paraskavedekatriaphobia fear Friday the 1. There are names for the fears of such activities as opening ones eyes, defecating, bathing, drinking, undressing in front of someone, coitus, crossing the street, going to school, throwing things away, dancing, conversing over dinner, riding in an automobile, being stared at, sitting, walking, being tickled, stooping, stuttering, seeing oneself in a mirror, vomiting, and going to bed. There are named fears of eyes, hands, chins, beards, belly buttons, knees, hair, rectums, and genitals. There are names for the fear of each of the colors yellow, red, purple, black, and white, as well as for the fear of colors generally. There are names for the fear of each of the numbers 4, 5, 8, 1. Whether a fear of illness, accidents, injury, fever, heart disease, diabetes, dentists, speed, or pain seems more or less justifiable will vary from person to person. Bad experiences in childhood no doubt have a lot to do with phobias. So do genetic predispositions. But what about fearing fog, ghosts, or being alone  Or fearing clouds, clothing, or nudity  Or the fear of blushing, trees, or clowns  Or the fear of puppets, body odor, or wealth  What of the fear of dolls, growing bald, or the moon  Or the fear of clocks or stars or books  Arachibutyrophobia is the fear of peanut butter sticking to the roof of your mouth. Could one reasonably justify even moderate worry about these things  To fear beautiful women is to suffer from caligynephobia. The fear of hearing good news is termed euphobia. Geliophobes fear laughter. Hedonophobes fear feeling pleasure. Ideophobes fear ideas. Pantophobes fear everything. The fear of fear itself is phobophobia. Financial Peace University Workbook 2012 Pdf' title='Financial Peace University Workbook 2012 Pdf' />How common are phobias  According to the American Psychiatric Association, phobias are the most common psychiatric illness among women and the second most common among men. The National Institute of Mental Health suggests that phobias affect approximately 1. U. S. adults.   These phobias typically emerge during childhood or adolescence and continue into adulthood. They also impact twice as many women as they do men. There are a number of explanations for why phobias develop, including evolutionary and behavioral theories. Phobias lead to marked fear and symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, and breathlessness. In some cases, these symptoms escalate into a full blown panic attack. Download I Can See You Software Free. Which phobias are the most common  The top ten appear to be Arachnophobia spiders and arachnids, Ophidiophobia snakes, Acrophobia heights, Aerophobia flying, Cynophobia dogs, Astraphobia thunder and lightning, Trypanophobia injections, Sociophobia social situations, Agoraphobia open or crowded spaces, and Mysophobia germs or contamination. One source reports that the fear of arachnids affects women four times more than it does men 4. Another source reports that Arachnophobia affects as many as 1 in 3 women and 1 in 4 men. So why are so many people terrified of arachnidsWhile there are an estimated 3. A common explanation for this and similar animal phobias is that arachnids, insects, snakes, and similar creatures once posed a considerable threat to our ancestors who lacked the medical knowledge and technological tools to treat bites from animals and insects. Thus, evolution contributed to a predisposition to fear these animals and insects. Ophidiophobia fear of snakes is quite common. In a study of 3. The majority of the participants had little or no direct experiences with snakes in any capacity. Another theory suggests that the fear of snakes and similar animals might arise from an inherent fear of disease and contamination. Studies have shown that these animals tend to provoke a disgust response, which might explain why snake phobias are so common yet people tend not to exhibit similar phobias of dangerous animals such as lions or bears. Acrophobia the fear of heights afflicts an estimated 2. Aerophobia the fear of flying affects an estimated 8 million U. S. adults despite the fact that airplane accidents are actually very uncommon. About one out of every three people has some level of fear of flying. Common symptoms associated with aerophobia include trembling, rapid heartbeat, and feeling disoriented. Financial Peace University Workbook 2012 Pdf' title='Financial Peace University Workbook 2012 Pdf' />Cynophobia the fear of dogs is often associated with specific personal experiences such as being bitten by a dog during childhood. Such events can be quite traumatic and can lead to fear responses that last well into adulthood. Cynophobia can be quite common. Some estimates suggest that as many as 3. Astraphobia the fear thunder and lightning is relatively common. Understandably, astraphobes also tend to develop an excessive preoccupation with tracking weather forecasts. In some instances, astraphobes may become agoraphobes when they are so afraid of encountering lightning or thunder that they are unable to leave their homes. Trypanophobia the fear of injections is a condition that can sometimes cause people to avoid medical treatments and fear doctors Iatrophobia. Estimates suggest that as many as 1. U. S. are trypanophobic. Sociophobia fear of social situations often includes fear of being watched Scopophobia or humiliated in front of others. The most common form of Sociophobia is Glossophobia fear of public speaking. Agoraphobia involves a fear of being alone in a situation or place where escape may be difficult. This type of phobia may include the fear of crowded areas or open spaces. Agoraphobia usually develops sometime between late adolescence and mid 3. 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